A googol is 10^100 — Google was named after it (misspelled)

Pi has been calculated to over 100 trillion digits — but 39 digits is enough to measure the observable universe to the width of a hydrogen atom

Pi's 39-digit approximation measures universe's width to hydrogen atom's size

The word 'algorithm' comes from al-Khwarizmi, a 9th-century Persian mathematician

'Algorithm' derives from Al-Khwarizmi's name, pioneering mathematician

The number 1729 is the Hardy-Ramanujan number — the smallest expressible as the sum of two cubes in two ways

1729: smallest integer expressible as sum of two cubes in two distinct ways

A prime number cannot be divided evenly by any number except 1 and itself — the largest known has 24 million digits

Prime numbers are indivisible by any number other than 1 and themselves, with the largest known having 24 million digits

The Caspian Sea is the world's largest lake — technically not a sea despite the name

The Caspian Sea is the world's largest inland body of water, not a sea

Neutron stars are so dense that a teaspoon of their material would weigh about 6 billion tons

A teaspoon of neutron star matter equals approximately 6 billion tons