the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) says

Beta (finance)

Beta measures a stock's volatility relative to the market

Fama–French three-factor model

Fama-French model adds size and value factors to CAPM

Cronbach's alpha

Cronbach's alpha (α) measures internal consistency

Market capitalization

Market capitalization = share price × shares outstanding

put-call parity states: C - P = S - K·e^(-rT)

Call price (C) minus Put price (P) equals Stock price (S) minus Strike price (K) multiplied by exponential decay factor (e^(-rT))

Sharpe ratio

Sharpe ratio measures excess return per unit of risk: (R - Rf) / σ