the L1 unit ball is a diamond shape and the L2 unit ball is a circle

the Lp norm ball shape changes as p goes from 1 to 2 to infinity

As p increases from 1 to 2 to infinity, the Lp norm ball becomes more spherical

Chebyshev distance

Chebyshev distance is named after Pafnuty Chebyshev

Norm (mathematics)

L∞ norm equals max absolute value

Distance transform

Manhattan distance formula: |x1 - x2| + |y1 - y2|

L1 vs L2 regularization: L1 gives sparsity (feature selection), L2 gives small weights

L1 regularization: L1 = L2 + sparsity; L2 regularization: L2 = L1 + small weights

Euclidean distance

Euclidean distance formula: √((x2 - x1)² + (y2 - y1)²)