What cubism does to perspective — shows multiple viewpoints simultaneously, shattering Renaissance single-point perspective

What Picasso's Guernica depicts — the bombing of a Spanish town, cubism as a language for horror

Picasso's Guernica: Cubist portrayal of the 1937 Spanish Civil War bombing

What Buñuel and Dalí's Un Chien Andalou opens with — a razor slicing an eye, pure surrealist provocation

Un Chien Andalou: A razor slices an eye, symbolizing surrealist shock and dissection

What the Impressionists broke — academic painting's rules by capturing light and moment over form and narrative

Impressionists defied academies by prioritizing light and moment over traditional form and storytelling

What Mondrian reduced painting to — primary colors and perpendicular lines, seeking universal harmony

Mondrian reduced painting to primary colors and perpendicular lines, pursuing universal harmony

What Ozu's style achieves — low camera, no movement, long pauses that make you feel the weight of everyday life

Ozu's style captures the profound simplicity and depth of daily existence

What Italian neorealism achieved — Rossellini and De Sica filmed real people in real streets after WW2

Italian neorealism depicted post-war reality through authentic locations and non-professional actors