What dark matter candidates include — WIMPs, axions, sterile neutrinos, primordial black holes

What cosmological evidence from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies observed in 2003 supports the presence of dark matter in the universe?

CMB anisotropies indicate large-scale structure formation, consistent with dark matter's gravitational influence

What the Standard Model's particle content is — 6 quarks, 6 leptons, 4 gauge bosons, 1 Higgs

Standard Model: 24 fundamental particles (6 quarks, 6 leptons, 4 gauge bosons, 1 Higgs)

How many types of fundamental forces are represented in the Standard Model of particle physics and which gauge bosons mediate each of these forces?

Four fundamental forces: electromagnetic (photon), weak (W and Z bosons), strong (gluons), gravity (graviton, not yet confirmed)

What supersymmetry (SUSY) predicts — every fermion has a bosonic partner and vice versa, none found yet

Supersymmetry predicts a partner particle for every known particle, unobserved so far

What type Ia supernovae revealed in 1998 — the expansion of the universe is accelerating, implying dark energy

1998 discovery: Type Ia supernovae showed universe's accelerating expansion, hinting at dark energy

What CP violation means — charge-parity symmetry is broken in weak interactions, explaining matter-antimatter asymmetry

CP violation allows for matter dominance over antimatter in the universe