What epiphenomenalism claims — consciousness exists but has no causal power over the physical

What Husserl meant by 'intentionality' — consciousness is always consciousness OF something

Intentionality: consciousness inherently directed towards an object

What is the significance of the 'transcendental ego' in phenomenology as proposed by Edmund Husserl?

The 'transcendental ego' is the pure subject of consciousness in Husserl's phenomenology, foundational for understanding phenomena

What instrumentalism claims — theories are useful tools, not descriptions of unobservable reality

Instrumentalism views theories as practical tools, not literal depictions of unobservable phenomena

What Husserl's phenomenological reduction does — suspends the natural attitude to examine pure consciousness

Husserl's phenomenological reduction suspends the natural attitude to study pure consciousness

What Merleau-Ponty's embodied phenomenology argues — perception is bodily, not mental representation

Perception is inherently embodied, not merely mental constructs

What integrated information theory (IIT) proposes — consciousness is identical to integrated information (Φ)

IIT posits consciousness equals integrated information (Φ)