What the CMB power spectrum tells us — the age, composition, and geometry of the universe

What cosmological evidence from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies observed in 2003 supports the presence of dark matter in the universe?

CMB anisotropies indicate large-scale structure formation, consistent with dark matter's gravitational influence

What baryon acoustic oscillations are — sound waves frozen in the early universe that set a standard ruler

Baryon acoustic oscillations: Early universe's sound waves, cosmic standard ruler

What the cosmological constant problem is — quantum field theory predicts vacuum energy 10^120 times too large

Quantum field theory overestimates vacuum energy by 10^120 times, causing the cosmological constant problem

What type Ia supernovae revealed in 1998 — the expansion of the universe is accelerating, implying dark energy

1998 discovery: Type Ia supernovae showed universe's accelerating expansion, hinting at dark energy

The observable universe is about 93 billion light-years in diameter

The observable universe spans approximately 93 billion light-years across

How do the results from LIGO and Virgo collaborations provide evidence for gravitational waves, thereby supporting the predictions of general relativity?

LIGO and Virgo detectors' measurements of gravitational wave signals confirm Einstein's general relativity predictions