What the rank-nullity theorem says: rank(A) + nullity(A) = n for an m×n matrix

What the Cayley-Hamilton theorem says: every matrix satisfies its own characteristic equation

Cayley-Hamilton theorem: A square matrix satisfies its characteristic polynomial

What LoRA does — adds trainable low-rank matrices A and B where ΔW = BA

LoRA: Augments model weights with low-rank matrices A, B, ΔW = BA

Why the determinant tells you about volume scaling under a linear transformation

Determinant indicates volume change factor by the linear transformation's scaling effect

What multi-query attention (MQA) is — all Q heads share a single KV head

MQA: Multi-query attention with shared key-value head for efficient cross-query processing

What IS (Inception Score) measures: diversity and quality of generated images

Inception Score quantifies image diversity and generated images' quality

What numpy.arange(0, num_elements) creates: an array of evenly spaced values within the specified range, used for indexing or iteration purposes?

`numpy.arange(0, num_elements)` creates an array of `num_elements` evenly spaced values starting from 0