Why the Dirac equation has negative energy solutions — interpreted as positrons, confirmed by Anderson in 1932

What the Dirac equation predicted — relativistic quantum mechanics requires antimatter to exist

Dirac equation predicted the existence of antimatter in relativistic quantum mechanics

What CP violation means — charge-parity symmetry is broken in weak interactions, explaining matter-antimatter asymmetry

CP violation allows for matter dominance over antimatter in the universe

What Fermi-Dirac statistics describe — the distribution of fermions, which obey the exclusion principle

Fermi-Dirac statistics describe the distribution of particles like electrons, obeying the Pauli exclusion principle

What the Aharonov-Bohm effect shows — electromagnetic potentials have physical effects even where fields are zero

Demonstrates non-zero electromagnetic potentials influence particle phase despite zero field presence

What a Cooper pair is — two electrons with opposite spin and momentum bound through lattice vibrations

Cooper pairs: bound electrons with opposite spins and momenta via phonon-mediated attraction in superconductors

What the fractional quantum Hall effect shows — emergent particles with fractional charge

Fractional quantum Hall effect demonstrates emergent particles with fractional electric charge