Einstein's photoelectric explanation used Planck's E=hf to predict that higher frequency light ejects faster electrons

Photoelectric effect

Light comes in discrete quanta, not continuous waves

Special relativity

Albert Einstein's special relativity paper introduced time dilation

Tests of general relativity

Light bent by the Sun confirmed Einstein's predictions

Copenhagen interpretation

Copenhagen: Wavefunction collapse upon observation creates reality

Aharonov–Bohm effect

Electrons experience phase shifts due to electromagnetic potentials without magnetic fields

Brownian motion

Einstein's 1905 paper proved the existence of atoms by explaining pollen's random motion