Žižek means by 'ideology is our spontaneous relation to the world'

Communicative rationality

Communicative rationality aims for mutual understanding, not domination

The Crisis of European Sciences and Transcendental Phenomenology

Husserl's crisis argued that positivism neglected the lifeworld's meaning-giving role

Twin Earth thought experiment

Twin Earth thought experiment illustrates semantic externalism

Husserl meant by 'intentionality'

Husserl's 'intentionality': Consciousness is always consciousness OF something

Functionalism (philosophy of mind)

Mental states are defined by their functional roles, not their material basis

Will to power

Nietzsche's will to power is not political domination but self-overcoming