The birthday paradox: in a group of 23 people, there's a 50% chance two share a birthday

The Monty Hall problem: you should always switch doors — switching wins 2/3 of the time

Switching doors in the Monty Hall problem increases your chances of winning from 1/3 to 2/3

There are more possible arrangements of a deck of cards than atoms on Earth — 52! ≈ 8 × 10^67

Card arrangements vastly exceed Earth's atoms: 52! ≈ 8 × 10^67

A prime number cannot be divided evenly by any number except 1 and itself — the largest known has 24 million digits

Prime numbers are indivisible by any number other than 1 and themselves, with the largest known having 24 million digits

Benford's law: in natural datasets, the leading digit is 1 about 30% of the time, not 11%

Benford's law: Leading digit in natural datasets, 1: 30%

There are about 7,000 languages in the world — one goes extinct roughly every two weeks

Languages face extinction at a rate of approximately 14 per year

A day on Venus is longer than its year — it rotates so slowly it takes 243 Earth days

Venus's rotation period exceeds its orbital period, resulting in a longer solar day than year