What GDP measures — total value of goods and services produced in a country in a year

What the Keynesian multiplier effect does — $1 of government spending generates more than $1 of GDP

The Keynesian multiplier effect amplifies $1 of government spending to generate greater than $1 increase in GDP

What the debt-to-income ratio measures — monthly debt payments divided by gross monthly income

Debt-to-income ratio measures monthly debt payments as a percentage of gross monthly income

What earnings per share (EPS) measures — net income divided by shares outstanding

EPS measures net income per outstanding share

What a dividend yield measures — annual dividend divided by share price

Dividend yield measures the percentage of annual dividend relative to the current share price

What the labor theory of value claims — the value of a good equals the labor required to produce it

Labor theory posits: Good's value equals production labor

What purchasing power parity (PPP) adjusts for — different price levels across countries

PPP adjusts for variations in the cost of living and inflation rates between countries