What the 50/30/20 budget rule suggests — 50% needs, 30% wants, 20% savings

What reserve requirements do — mandate how much cash banks must hold against deposits

Reserve requirements dictate the percentage of deposits banks must keep as cash reserves

What Keynes argued about government spending during recessions

Keynes argued for increased government spending to stimulate demand during recessions

What the debt-to-income ratio measures — monthly debt payments divided by gross monthly income

Debt-to-income ratio measures monthly debt payments as a percentage of gross monthly income

What the Keynesian multiplier effect does — $1 of government spending generates more than $1 of GDP

The Keynesian multiplier effect amplifies $1 of government spending to generate greater than $1 increase in GDP

What the Kelly criterion says — bet f* = (bp - q)/b of your bankroll, where b is odds, p is probability of winning

Kelly criterion: optimal bet size = (bp - q)/b, maximizing wealth growth

What a dividend yield measures — annual dividend divided by share price

Dividend yield measures the percentage of annual dividend relative to the current share price