Einstein's mass-energy paper was only three pages

Special relativity

Albert Einstein's special relativity paper introduced time dilation

Photoelectric effect

Light comes in discrete quanta, not continuous waves

Einstein's photoelectric explanation used Planck's E=hf to predict that higher frequency light ejects faster electrons

Einstein's photoelectric equation E=hf predicts faster electron ejection with higher frequency light

Brownian motion

Einstein's 1905 paper proved the existence of atoms by explaining pollen's random motion

Criticism of the theory of relativity

Michelson-Morley experiment null result

Einstein field equations

Einstein field equations relate spacetime curvature to energy-momentum tensor