How does the concept of "hyperreality" in Baudrillard's postmodern theory challenge traditional notions of reality and representation in the context of media and technology?

What Baudrillard means by 'the hyperreal' — when simulation becomes more real than reality itself

The hyperreal: a simulated reality perceived as more authentic than the original

What modal realism claims — possible worlds are as real as the actual world (David Lewis)

Modal realism posits all possible worlds have equal reality to our own

What Merleau-Ponty's embodied phenomenology argues — perception is bodily, not mental representation

Perception is inherently embodied, not merely mental constructs

How does the concept of 'finitude' (limit or boundary) influence the existentialist understanding of authenticity in Sartre's philosophy?

Finitude in Sartre's existentialism underscores authenticity as embracing life's inherent limits to define one's essence

What Habermas means by communicative rationality — reason oriented toward mutual understanding, not domination

Communicative rationality: Reason aimed at shared understanding, not power

What instrumentalism claims — theories are useful tools, not descriptions of unobservable reality

Instrumentalism views theories as practical tools, not literal depictions of unobservable phenomena