What modal realism claims — possible worlds are as real as the actual world (David Lewis)

How does the concept of "hyperreality" in Baudrillard's postmodern theory challenge traditional notions of reality and representation in the context of media and technology?

Hyperreality blurs the line between simulation and reality, questioning media's role in shaping authentic experiences

What Plato's theory of Forms claims — abstract perfect Forms are more real than physical copies

Plato's theory of Forms posits that abstract, perfect Forms represent the truest reality, surpassing physical copies

What Baudrillard means by 'the hyperreal' — when simulation becomes more real than reality itself

The hyperreal: a simulated reality perceived as more authentic than the original

What instrumentalism claims — theories are useful tools, not descriptions of unobservable reality

Instrumentalism views theories as practical tools, not literal depictions of unobservable phenomena

How does the Twin Earth thought experiment challenge the internalism versus externalism debate in the philosophy of language and meaning?

Twin Earth suggests externalism, as meanings depend on environmental factors, not just internal cognitive states

What Merleau-Ponty's embodied phenomenology argues — perception is bodily, not mental representation

Perception is inherently embodied, not merely mental constructs