What Einstein's 1905 Brownian motion paper proved — the existence of atoms by explaining pollen's random motion

What Einstein's 1905 photoelectric effect paper showed — light comes in discrete quanta, not continuous waves

Einstein's 1905 paper demonstrated light as quantized energy packets, not continuous waves

What the EPR paradox challenged — Einstein argued entanglement implied either hidden variables or nonlocality

EPR paradox questioned quantum mechanics' lack of locality and determinism

What Maxwell's demon thought experiment challenges — can information be used to decrease entropy

Maxwell's demon challenges the second law of thermodynamics by potentially decreasing entropy using information

What Bell's theorem proved — no local hidden variable theory can reproduce all predictions of quantum mechanics

Bell's theorem disproved local hidden variable theories' ability to match quantum mechanics' predictions

What Anderson localization is — disorder can cause waves to become trapped in a random medium

Anderson localization: Disorder traps waves in a medium due to interference

Why Einstein's photoelectric explanation used Planck's E=hf to predict that higher frequency light ejects faster electrons

Planck's equation E=hf quantifies light energy, explaining higher frequency photons eject electrons more rapidly