What Einstein's 1905 photoelectric effect paper showed — light comes in discrete quanta, not continuous waves

Why Einstein's photoelectric explanation used Planck's E=hf to predict that higher frequency light ejects faster electrons

Planck's equation E=hf quantifies light energy, explaining higher frequency photons eject electrons more rapidly

What Einstein's 1905 Brownian motion paper proved — the existence of atoms by explaining pollen's random motion

Brownian motion confirmed atoms' existence through pollen's erratic movement

What the Stern-Gerlach experiment showed — angular momentum is quantized, not continuous

The Stern-Gerlach experiment demonstrated that electron spin has quantized angular momentum

What the Aspect experiments confirmed — Bell inequality violations prove quantum nonlocality is real

Aspect experiments demonstrated quantum entanglement's nonlocality, violating Bell's inequalities

What the EPR paradox challenged — Einstein argued entanglement implied either hidden variables or nonlocality

EPR paradox questioned quantum mechanics' lack of locality and determinism

What the cosmological constant problem is — quantum field theory predicts vacuum energy 10^120 times too large

Quantum field theory overestimates vacuum energy by 10^120 times, causing the cosmological constant problem