Why Einstein's photoelectric explanation used Planck's E=hf to predict that higher frequency light ejects faster electrons

What Einstein's 1905 photoelectric effect paper showed — light comes in discrete quanta, not continuous waves

Einstein's 1905 paper demonstrated light as quantized energy packets, not continuous waves

What Einstein's 1905 Brownian motion paper proved — the existence of atoms by explaining pollen's random motion

Brownian motion confirmed atoms' existence through pollen's erratic movement

Why nothing with mass can reach the speed of light — the Lorentz factor γ diverges as v approaches c

As velocity v approaches c, Lorentz factor γ increases, preventing massive objects from reaching light speed

What the Boltzmann distribution describes — probability of a state with energy E is proportional to e^(-E/kT)

Boltzmann distribution: Probability of state E ∝ e^(-E/kT)

What Maxwell's demon thought experiment challenges — can information be used to decrease entropy

Maxwell's demon challenges the second law of thermodynamics by potentially decreasing entropy using information

What the EPR paradox challenged — Einstein argued entanglement implied either hidden variables or nonlocality

EPR paradox questioned quantum mechanics' lack of locality and determinism