What primordial nucleosynthesis produced — hydrogen, helium, and traces of lithium in the first three minutes

What the CMB power spectrum tells us — the age, composition, and geometry of the universe

CMB power spectrum reveals universe's age, composition, and large-scale structure

What baryon acoustic oscillations are — sound waves frozen in the early universe that set a standard ruler

Baryon acoustic oscillations: Early universe's sound waves, cosmic standard ruler

How do the results from LIGO and Virgo collaborations provide evidence for gravitational waves, thereby supporting the predictions of general relativity?

LIGO and Virgo detectors' measurements of gravitational wave signals confirm Einstein's general relativity predictions

What type Ia supernovae revealed in 1998 — the expansion of the universe is accelerating, implying dark energy

1998 discovery: Type Ia supernovae showed universe's accelerating expansion, hinting at dark energy

What dark matter candidates include — WIMPs, axions, sterile neutrinos, primordial black holes

Dark matter candidates: WIMPs, axions, sterile neutrinos, primordial black holes

What Einstein's 1905 Brownian motion paper proved — the existence of atoms by explaining pollen's random motion

Brownian motion confirmed atoms' existence through pollen's erratic movement