What the demandingness objection to utilitarianism says — it requires too much self-sacrifice

What moral luck challenges — we praise/blame people for outcomes they couldn't fully control

Moral luck questions the fairness of praising/blaming based on outcomes beyond one's control

What Nietzsche's will to power is — not political domination but the drive to self-overcoming

Nietzsche's will to power: intrinsic human drive for self-transcendence

What Sartre means by 'condemned to be free' — you cannot escape the burden of choice

Sartre's 'condemned to be free' implies inherent responsibility for choices, despite the absence of predetermined essence

What Nietzsche means by master and slave morality — two competing value systems

Nietzsche contrasts master morality valuing strength, slave morality valuing meekness

Why Kant separates duty from inclination — moral worth comes from acting from duty alone

Kant posits that moral worth arises solely from actions driven by duty, not by inclination

What Aristotle's doctrine of the mean says — virtue lies between excess and deficiency

Virtue is the mean between two extremes of excess and deficiency