What moral luck challenges — we praise/blame people for outcomes they couldn't fully control

What the demandingness objection to utilitarianism says — it requires too much self-sacrifice

Demandingness objection: Utilitarianism excessively demands personal sacrifice for the greater good

What care ethics argues — moral reasoning is rooted in relationships and empathy, not abstract principles

Care ethics emphasizes moral reasoning based on relationships and empathy

What virtue ethics focuses on instead of rules — character traits and the question 'what kind of person should I be'

Virtue ethics emphasizes character traits and personal virtues over rule-based actions

What moral hazard causes — people take more risk when they don't bear the full consequences

Moral hazard: Insurance coverage leads to riskier behavior due to reduced personal consequences

Why Kant separates duty from inclination — moral worth comes from acting from duty alone

Kant posits that moral worth arises solely from actions driven by duty, not by inclination

What Aristotle's doctrine of the mean says — virtue lies between excess and deficiency

Virtue is the mean between two extremes of excess and deficiency