What care ethics argues — moral reasoning is rooted in relationships and empathy, not abstract principles

What virtue ethics focuses on instead of rules — character traits and the question 'what kind of person should I be'

Virtue ethics emphasizes character traits and personal virtues over rule-based actions

What moral luck challenges — we praise/blame people for outcomes they couldn't fully control

Moral luck questions the fairness of praising/blaming based on outcomes beyond one's control

What Levinas means by ethics as first philosophy — responsibility for the Other precedes knowledge

Levinas: Ethical responsibility to the Other precedes ontological knowledge

Why Kant separates duty from inclination — moral worth comes from acting from duty alone

Kant posits that moral worth arises solely from actions driven by duty, not by inclination

What the demandingness objection to utilitarianism says — it requires too much self-sacrifice

Demandingness objection: Utilitarianism excessively demands personal sacrifice for the greater good

What Levinas means by 'the face of the Other' — encountering another person is an ethical demand before ontology

Levinas: 'The face of the Other' signifies ethical responsibility preceding ontological understanding