What virtue ethics focuses on instead of rules — character traits and the question 'what kind of person should I be'

What care ethics argues — moral reasoning is rooted in relationships and empathy, not abstract principles

Care ethics emphasizes moral reasoning based on relationships and empathy

What moral luck challenges — we praise/blame people for outcomes they couldn't fully control

Moral luck questions the fairness of praising/blaming based on outcomes beyond one's control

Why Kant separates duty from inclination — moral worth comes from acting from duty alone

Kant posits that moral worth arises solely from actions driven by duty, not by inclination

What de Beauvoir's ethics of ambiguity argues — freedom requires acknowledging others' freedom

De Beauvoir's ethics posits freedom entails recognizing others' freedom amidst life's inherent ambiguities

What Aristotle's doctrine of the mean says — virtue lies between excess and deficiency

Virtue is the mean between two extremes of excess and deficiency

What Confucius means by ren (仁) — humaneness or benevolence, the highest virtue

Ren: Benevolence, empathy, and moral integrity as the highest virtue