What four-dimensionalism says — objects are extended in time as well as space (temporal parts)

What the extended mind thesis argues — cognition extends beyond the brain into tools and environment

The extended mind thesis posits that cognitive processes are distributed across the brain, body, and environment

What substance dualism claims — mind and body are fundamentally different kinds of stuff

Dualism posits that mind and body are distinct, non-physical and physical substances, respectively

What functionalism claims about the mind — mental states are defined by their functional roles, not their material

Functionalism posits that mental states are characterized by their causal relations to inputs, outputs, and other mental states

What nominalism claims — only particular things exist, universals are just names

Nominalism posits that only individual objects exist, universals are mere linguistic constructs

What Quine's 'Two Dogmas of Empiricism' attacked — the analytic/synthetic distinction and reductionism

Quine's 'Two Dogmas' critiques the analytic/synthetic distinction and reductionism

What the problem of universals asks — do abstract properties (redness, roundness) exist independently

Universals question: Do abstract properties like redness exist independently of particular objects?